A system does what it rewards, reliably and without apology, no matter what it claims to value. This area is about that gap — between the stated constitution written in documents and the structural one written in incentives, metrics, and feedback loops.
As we hand more decisions to systems that optimize, the cost of a badly drawn incentive rises sharply. The sections below work from the general principle down to the specific failure modes — like metric gaming — and the defenses that actually help.